ABSTRACT
Objective to estimate the intensity of nutritional stress among the diabetic patients
Background non-Communicable diseases [NCDs] are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Pakistan. The WHO report evaluated diabetes at the fourth position among the four types of NCD's, this accounts for 1.5 million deaths annually
Introduction nutritional stress depends on what we give to our body, whether it is toxin loaded, chemically constituted platefuls of food and expect it to cope without a grumble. As, diabetes is metabolic syndrome so there is an altered carbohydrate and fat metabolism in these patients that will lead to the development of nutritional stress in these patients
Methodology a cross sectional survey based study was conducted at a local hospital including diabetic patients on anti-diabetic medicines. Demographic data, medical history and drug use duration and dosage were investigated as well as intensity of nutritional stress was calculated by Sadaf stress scale [SSS]. The patients with severe and psychological and mental illness or any other chronic illness or patients who were failed to provide reliable information were excluded from study
Result the total of 42 patients have participated in the study out of that 50% have reported mild nutritional stress and 36% have reported moderate nutritional stress. The most common reported symptom of nutritional stress includes sleep problem, abdominal bloating, incomplete emptying and sugars and carb craving
Conclusion the patients have reported the nutritional stress due to the altered carbohydrate and fat metabolism and the use of anti-diabetic medicine further increases the intensity of nutritional stress. The symptoms that are reported in diabetic patients are not associated with diabetes instead occur as a result of anti-diabetic medication use. Such as, sleep problem usually associated with increased stress, increased blood pressure, impaired control of blood glucose, and increased inflammation
ABSTRACT
Objective the aim of the study is to find out amount of physical stress among cardiovascular disease [CVD] patients and its relation with hypertension
Background physical stress is defined as a pressure - force and strain a state of physical mental tension. Stress is among the mental factors that has for some time been recorded among the potential. Furthermore, essential hazard variables of hypertension and coronary illness
Methodology a cross-sectional study was conducted in the patients of department of Cardiology at tertiary hospitals, Karachi, from January 2014 to December 2014. Sadaf stress scale [SSS] 2.0 was used to find out the physical stress
Results it showed physical stress among CVD patients about n=39 [43.3%] have moderate physical stress. which was decreased over time after 5 year of illness as compared to the patient who have disease for less than 5 years. While systolic blood pressure among subjects with severe physical stress showed an average systolic B.P. of 147mmhg, moderate have 146mmhg and patients with mild physical stress have 135mmhg
Conclusion this report concluded moderate physical stress among CVD patients which was decrease over time due different coping mechanism and blood pressures are directly related to severity of physical stress mainly systolic which lead to hypertension